Israel on Monday reopened the Rafah crossing to a trickle of Palestinians for the first time in months, a major step in a US-backed plan to end the war, though strict Israeli security checks slowed the process.

The Rafah crossing, standing amidst rubble and ruins, is the sole route in or out for nearly all of Gaza’s more than 2 million residents.

It was largely shut for most of the war, and reopening it to allow even limited access to the outside world is one of the last steps required under the initial phase of a US-brokered ceasefire reached in October.

The crossing reopened around 9 a.m. on Monday morning. Some 50 Palestinians had been expected to enter the enclave with a similar number exiting. Many of those seeking to depart are hospital patients awaiting specialised medical care outside Gaza.

By nightfall, Israel had permitted 12 Palestinians to reenter the enclave, Palestinian and Egyptian sources said. A further 38 had not cleared security and would wait on the Egyptian side of the crossing overnight, they said.

In terms of those exiting, Israel permitted five patients escorted by two relatives each to cross to the Egyptian side, the sources said.

That brought the total number entering and exiting to 27. Palestinian officials blamed delays on Israeli security checks. Israel’s military had no immediate comment.

‘A lifeline’

Some 20,000 Gazans are hoping to leave Gaza for treatment abroad. Despite the slow reopening, many of them said the step brought relief.

“The crossing is a lifeline for Gaza, it is the lifeline for us, the patients,” said Moustafa Abdel Hadi, 32, who receives kidney dialysis at Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital in central Gaza.

“We want to be treated in order to return to live our normal life.”

Israel seized the border crossing in May 2024, about seven months into the Gaza war. Since then, it has largely been closed apart from a brief period during an earlier truce in early 2025.

Reopening the crossing was one of the requirements under the October ceasefire that outlined the first phase of US President Donald Trump’s plan to stop fighting between Israel and Palestinian Hamas militants.

In January, Trump declared the start of the second phase where the sides would negotiate the shattered enclave’s future governance and reconstruction.

Even as the crossing reopened, Israeli strikes killed at least four Palestinians on Monday, including a three-year-old boy, in separate incidents in the north and south of the Strip. The Israeli military had no immediate comment on the incidents.

Israeli inspection

In the war’s early months before Israel shut the crossing, some 100,000 Palestinians exited to Egypt through Rafah.

Though Egypt has repeatedly made clear it will not allow a large-scale exodus, the route is seen as vital for wounded and sick Palestinians to seek medical care. While it was closed, only a few thousand were allowed out for medical treatment in third countries through Israel.

Palestinians seeking to cross at Rafah will require Israeli security approval, three Egyptian sources said. Reinforced concrete walls, topped with barbed wire, have been installed along the crossing area, the sources said.

At the crossing they will have to pass through three separate gates including one administered by the internationally recognised Palestinian Authority under supervision of a European Union task force but controlled remotely by Israel.

Foreign journalists barred from Gaza

Despite the reopening of Rafah, Israel is still refusing to allow the entry of foreign journalists, banned from Gaza since the start of the war. Reporting from inside Gaza for international media including Reuters is carried out solely by journalists who live there, hundreds of whom have been killed.

Israel’s Supreme Court is considering a petition by the Foreign Press Association that demands foreign journalists be allowed to enter Gaza. Government lawyers argue this could pose risks to Israeli soldiers. The FPA says the public is being deprived of a vital source of independent information.

Under the first phase of the ceasefire, major combat was halted, hostages held in Gaza were released in return for thousands of Palestinian prisoners held by Israel, and a surge in humanitarian aid was promised.

Israeli forces hold more than 53% of Gaza’s territory, where they have ordered residents out and razed many remaining buildings. Residents are now confined to a strip along the coast, most living either in makeshift tents or damaged buildings.

The next phase of Trump’s plan foresees Hamas giving up its weapons and relinquishing control to an internationally backed administration that would oversee reconstruction, including luxury residential buildings along the Mediterranean coast.

Many Israelis and Palestinians see this as unrealistic. Hamas has yet to agree to give up its weapons and Israel says it is prepared to restart the war to disarm the group by force.