Have you noticed breakouts on your skin during especially tiring days? Do you see dark circles under your eyes after sleepless nights thinking about exams or assignments? Perhaps you’ve been biting your nails due to anxiety?

These are all indirect effects of stress on the skin, and there’s more to it.

Dr Sunita Yadav, a consultant dermatologist at Skin Arts Aesthetics and Madhyapur Hospital, discusses various ways stress can affect the skin with the Post.

What are the effects of stress on the skin?

Stress mostly affects the skin indirectly. When we become stressed, a hormonal response is activated as our sympathetic nervous system is aroused. This causes an increase in the release of cortisol, the stress hormone. The skin then responds to this hormone, often resulting in the overproduction of oil and, consequently, the development of acne.

The immune system also bears the brunt of stress. A compromised immune system makes the skin more reactive, causing heightened sensitivity. This increased sensitivity can lead to itching, and in severe cases, it may pave the way for skin infections.

Lifestyle choices influenced by stress can further affect the skin. Lack of sleep, a common outcome of stress, manifests as dark circles and under-eye bags. Moreover, the prolonged experience of stress can contribute to the formation of wrinkles on the face.

It’s worth noting that certain skin conditions can interact with stress. Take psoriasis, for instance. While stress doesn’t cause psoriasis, the red patches associated with it may worsen during periods of heightened stress, leading to increased inflammation.

Similarly, cold sores, or herpes labialis, are not directly caused by stress. However, stress can activate the virus due to heightened skin sensitivity, leading to the replication of the virus and the manifestation of clinical symptoms.

Are there any direct effects?

Stress can have a direct impact on the skin, particularly when individuals become agitated. For example, during times of stress, some people may unconsciously touch and pick at their acne, exacerbating the condition and leaving lasting marks on the skin. Similarly, stress-induced nail-picking can result in brittle nails.

Certain lifestyle choices also have direct effects on the skin. Smoking, often used as a coping mechanism for stress, is a known cause of wrinkles. Additionally, alcohol consumption increases sensitivity to the sun. If someone is already more sun-sensitive than others, alcohol can heighten the risk of experiencing burning and redness.

Does happiness also affect the skin, then?

Yes, it does. Like stress, happiness triggers the release of certain hormones in your body, giving your skin a radiant glow. That’s why individuals who are generally stress-free tend to have a brighter complexion compared to those who are stressed often.

Is there a genetic link to how stress affects the skin? Are some people genetically less prone to showing stress symptoms on their skin?

No, there’s no genetic shield against the skin effects of stress. It depends on how individuals deal with stress, influencing the diverse ways it appears on the skin. For instance, someone stressed might choose to avoid smoking and drinking, reducing the likelihood of the previously mentioned effects.

Alternatively, some people use makeup to conceal signs of stress, such as eye bags and dark circles. Even though these visible signs may not be apparent at first glance, it doesn't mean the effects aren't present.

How does stress affect different skin types?

When skin becomes hypersensitive due to stress, there’s an increase in oil secretion, leading to acne. However, the impact varies for those with dry skin; acne isn’t immediately visible. For dry skin, the process is different—it loses its protective barrier. This loss makes the skin susceptible to allergens, resulting in itchiness.

How effective is a basic skincare routine in managing stress-related skin issues?

A simple skincare routine involving face wash, moisturiser and sunscreen can make a significant difference in countering the adverse effects of stress. Regular use of moisturiser reduces itching tendencies and lowers the risk of developing infections. Similarly, consistent use of sunscreen significantly reduces the chances of pigmentation and hyperpigmentation. Basic skincare is, therefore, crucial for skin health.

What treatment approach do you suggest to your patients?

Firstly, I discuss the underlying causes of stress with my patients and encourage them to adopt healthy and sustainable coping mechanisms. It’s vital that individuals do not neglect their basic skincare routine during times of stress. Many patients, overwhelmed by stress, may disregard their skin health, making them more susceptible to skin conditions and compounding their stress levels. I advise patients to stay committed to their skincare regimen.

To alleviate stress, I recommend limiting the use of digital gadgets, as prolonged exposure to social media can heighten stress and lead to eye bags. Exercise plays a crucial role, as it is linked to the release of happy hormones. A healthy diet and maintaining a regular sleep cycle are equally important. Also, consistency is the key to achieving and maintaining healthy skin.