Bangladeshis lined up in large numbers outside polling booths on Thursday to vote in an election that they hope will provide stability and growth after the 2024 ouster of long‑time premier Sheikh Hasina in a Gen Z‑driven uprising.

Analysts say a decisive result is crucial for steady governance in the nation of 175 million, as the deadly anti-Hasina protests triggered months of unrest and disrupted key industries, including the huge garments sector, the world’s second-largest exporter.

It is the world’s first election after an uprising led by under-30s, or Gen Z, to be followed by Nepal next month.

The contest pits two coalitions led by former allies, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and the Islamist Jamaat‑e‑Islami, with opinion polls giving an edge to the BNP.

In Dhaka, the capital, people queued up outside voting booths before polls opened at 7:30 a.m. (0130 GMT), including eager participants like Mohammed Jobair Hossain, 39, who said he last voted in 2008.

“I am feeling excited because we are voting in a free manner after 17 years,” Hossain said as he waited in line. “Our votes will matter and have meaning.”

Hossain’s sentiment was echoed by many voters, who told Reuters that the atmosphere felt more free and festive than earlier elections.

Kamal Chowdhury, 31, who works as a driver for a company in Dhaka and travelled to his hometown in the eastern district of Brahmanbaria to cast his vote, said: “It feels festive here.

“People are so enthusiastic to cast their vote — it’s almost like Eid,” he added, referring to Eid al-Fitr, the Muslim religious festival.

Outside a polling booth in Dhaka where BNP chief Tarique Rahman and head of the interim government Muhammed Yunus voted, policemen were on horses with saddle blankets proclaiming: “Police are here, vote without fear”.

Hasina’s Awami League is banned, and she remains in self‑imposed exile in long-term ally India, opening the window for China to expand its influence in Bangladesh as Dhaka’s ties with New Delhi deteriorate.

Elections were held during Hasina’s tenure but they were marred by opposition boycotts and intimidation, critics have said.

Long lines of voters, heavy security

This time more than 2,000 candidates, including many independents, are vying for 300 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad, or House of the Nation. Voting in one constituency has been postponed due to the death of a candidate. At least 50 parties are contesting in total, a national record.

The two prime ministerial candidates are the BNP’s Tarique Rahman and Jamaat chief Shafiqur Rahman. They are not related.

“From today, we have the opportunity to build a new Bangladesh with every step we take. This is a festival, a day of joy, a day of liberation, the end of our nightmare. I congratulate you all,” Yunus, who took over as interim head after Hasina, said after voting.

TV stations showed long lines in voting centres across the country, but it was not immediately clear what the turnout was nationally.

There were no reports of major violence in the early hours of voting, but a BNP leader died in a scuffle outside a polling booth in the coastal town of Khulna and two paramilitary personnel and a 13-year old girl were injured when a home-made bomb exploded outside a polling booth in Hasina’s stronghold of Gopalganj.

Around 958,000 personnel from the police, army and paramiltary forces were deployed throughout the country on election day, the Election Commission said. Police and army personnel were stationed outside most polling booths.

Alongside the election, there will be a referendum on a set of constitutional reforms, including establishing a neutral interim government for election periods, restructuring parliament into a bicameral legislature, increasing women’s representation, strengthening judicial independence and imposing a two-term limit on the prime minister.

“The crucial test for Bangladesh now will be to ensure the election is conducted fairly and impartially, and for all parties to then accept the result,” said Thomas Kean, a senior consultant with the International Crisis Group. “If that happens, it will be the strongest evidence yet that Bangladesh has indeed embarked on a period of democratic renewal.”

Early start, late finish

Polling closes at 4:30 p.m. (1030 GMT). Counting will begin soon after, with early trends expected around midnight and results are likely to be clear by Friday morning, Election Commission officials said.

Nearly 128 million people are registered to vote, 49% of them women. But only 83 female candidates are contesting. Nearly half of the total electorate is aged between 18-35, with many of them first-time voters.

On Thursday morning, on the fringes of Dhaka city, outside a primary school converted into a temporary voting booth, a long line of burqa-clad women waited to vote.

Ruma Khatun, a 32-year-old housewife, showed a henna design of the “daripalla” or weighing scales, the symbol associated with Jamaat-e-Islami, on her hand.

“I want Dr Shafiqur Rahman to become prime minister and lead our country. He is the only one who can establish Allah’s law, and lead to a non-corrupt, and developed Bangladesh,” she said.