From the outside, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) might seem like a simple case of being overly tidy or organised, but it goes far deeper than just cleanliness. It’s a complex disorder characterised by intrusive thoughts, urges or images (obsessions) that cause anxiety, as well as repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing that anxiety.

Psychologist Gopal Bahadur Bohara puts further light on the issue. He is currently working as a Psychologist Supervisor under the Centre for Mental Health & Counselling - Nepal (CMC - Nepal).

What is OCD?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, is a mental health condition where individuals experience recurring unwanted thoughts known as obsessions, along with repetitive behaviours known as compulsions. Those with OCD often feel compelled to carry out these rituals to alleviate the anxiety triggered by their obsessions. However, the relief is usually short-lived, and the symptoms tend to recur.

What are the common symptoms of this disorder?

Common symptoms of OCD include obsessions, which are recurring and unwanted thoughts. They can be about all sorts of things, like worrying about getting sick from germs, being afraid that something bad will happen to you or someone you care about, or constantly needing things to be just right. Compulsions, on the other hand, are the actions you feel like you have to do because of those thoughts. It's like you just can't help it. Maybe you find yourself washing your hands repeatedly, checking the locks on your door multiple times, or needing to count things or arrange them in a certain order.

These behaviours might give you temporary relief from the anxiety caused by your obsessions, but they can also take up a lot of your time and interfere with your daily life. That's why it's important to recognise the signs of OCD and seek help if you think you might be struggling with it.

What are some common misconceptions about OCD?

Misconceptions about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are widespread and can hinder proper understanding and treatment. One common misconception is the belief that individuals with OCD can simply stop their compulsions through willpower. In reality, these compulsions are often driven by intense anxiety, making them difficult to control without proper treatment.

Additionally, there’s a misconception that OCD is rare when in fact, it affects about one to two percent of the population, highlighting its prevalence and importance as a mental health concern.

Another misconception is that OCD is solely about being neat and organised. While some individuals may have a need for symmetry or orderliness, OCD involves intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviours that can significantly disrupt daily life. These intrusive thoughts, coupled with compulsions, form a complex cycle that can cause distress and impairment beyond organisational preferences. It’s crucial to understand the multifaceted nature of OCD and dispel misconceptions to ensure those affected receive appropriate support and treatment.

What are some effective treatment options available for individuals with OCD?

Effective treatment options for individuals with OCD include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy and medication. CBT helps individuals identify and change their thought patterns and behaviours related to OCD, while exposure therapy involves gradually exposing individuals to their feared situations or triggers to help them learn healthier ways of responding.

In some cases, medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can also be beneficial in managing symptoms. However, the best treatment approach may vary from person to person, so individuals with OCD need to consult with a psychiatrist or therapist to determine the most suitable treatment plan for their specific needs.

How does this disorder impact daily functioning and quality of life?

OCD can greatly disrupt various aspects of a person’s life, including daily routines, social interactions and work or school performance. It falls under the umbrella of anxiety-related disorders and manifests in various ways. For instance, someone with a fear of contamination may struggle to touch surfaces that others have touched, such as doorknobs or windows, leading to difficulty in completing everyday tasks.

Similarly, individuals with washing compulsions may spend excessive amounts of time cleaning their hands to alleviate their anxiety. These behaviours can consume a significant amount of time and energy, making it challenging to engage in normal activities and maintain healthy relationships. OCD’s impact on daily functioning underscores the importance of seeking appropriate treatment and support to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Are there any specific coping strategies or techniques that you recommend for managing it?

When managing OCD symptoms, several coping strategies can be effective. Acceptance involves becoming aware of thoughts and feelings without judgment and accepting obsessions without trying to suppress them. Gradual exposure to feared situations while resisting compulsive behaviours can help reduce anxiety over time. Additionally, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, a balanced diet, sufficient sleep, and stress-reduction techniques, is crucial for symptom management.

Seeking support from friends, family, or a therapist is essential for encouragement and guidance. Distraction techniques, such as engaging in hobbies or exercise, can redirect focus away from obsessions and provide temporary relief from anxiety. By incorporating these coping strategies into daily life, individuals with OCD can better manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.