Desh Subba, began his educational journey in his hometown, Dharan, and completed his high school there. He continued his studies, earning a master’s degree from the Public Youth Campus in Kathmandu. Subba is known for his work on the philosophy of fearism.

Some of his notable works include ‘Philosophy of Fearism’ (2014), ‘Trans Philosophism’ (2021) and ‘Fearmorphosis’ (2023). He also collaborated on 'Eco-Fearism' (2019) with Osinakachi Akuma Kalu from Nigeria and Bhawani Shankar Adhikari from Nepal.

Currently residing in Hong Kong with his family, Subba shares insights into his reading journey, the philosophy of fearism and how literature has influenced his personal growth and perspective on life in this interview with the Post’s Anish Ghimire.

How did you start your reading?

I started reading during my primary school years. It was in school that my teachers introduced me to myths and stories, igniting my interest in reading. Growing up, my mother, who mainly spoke the Limbu language, shared numerous Limbu proverbs, stories and myths, such as the tale of Kumbhakarna Himal, all of which have greatly influenced my writing. Later, I also got to explore English books in the small library at Sikchha Niketan in Dharan. However, my college years saw my reading primarily confined to the syllabus.

In 1996, my reading habits changed when I moved to Hong Kong. There, I encountered influential writers who delved into literature and philosophy. Over time, my reading preferences shifted, and I now find myself more drawn towards theoretical books.

You have written on the philosophy of fearism, which is a new concept for many. Can you explain it in simple terms?

The philosophy of fearism is a relatively new philosophical perspective. Fearism defines fear as an integral and pervasive element of our lives. What makes fearism distinctive is its versatility—it can be applied across various domains, including politics, literature, criticism, ecology, healthcare, economics and philosophy. This wide-ranging applicability has sparked numerous books, articles, and journals that explore and expand upon the principles of fearism.

A distinct feature of philosophy is that it often contains its essence in a single word or sentence. Fearism, grounded in this tradition, offers a lens through which philosophers examine life and the world. Life, according to fearism, is conducted, directed and controlled by the pervasive presence of fear.

How has reading literature on fears impacted your personal growth and perspective on life?

Reading literature on fears has significant impacts on personal growth and shaping one’s outlook on life. Life, society and nations are intricately structured by fear, and this awareness influences our actions and decisions, especially when faced with the prospect of undesirable outcomes. For instance, as parents, the fear that our children might adopt undesirable behaviours or fall into bad company prompts us to remain vigilant and guide them. Similarly, students may fear exam failure, linking it to a broader fear of failure in life.

As a writer, I believe that developing a regular reading habit is crucial, especially for those interested in philosophical topics. Regular reading forms a chain of steps where each link is connected to the other. When delving into philosophy, starting from foundational thinkers is essential. Whether exploring political science or philosophy, reading works from figures like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle to modern and contemporary thinkers provides a comprehensive understanding. Regular reading, regardless of the subject, becomes a unifying force, shaping our thoughts and perspectives over time.

Are there any literary works or authors that inspired your writing?

While I had a few people to look up to, they weren’t exactly my inspiration. Throughout my childhood, I read books, followed news stories and listened to other writers. All of these influenced me in an indirect way. In 1999, I had a draft of a novel where, without realising it, I had coined the phrase ‘bhayabad’ (fearism). Seeking feedback, I shared it with my friends. When poet Sharan Subba returned it to me, he had highlighted that specific word in red ink. This prompted me to delve deeper into the concept.

How do you believe literature—specifically philosophy—can contribute to fostering empathy and understanding among readers?

Literature, including philosophy, serves as a potent tool for nurturing empathy and understanding among readers. Through the exploration of diverse characters, perspectives and ideas, literature possesses the ability to evoke emotions and connect readers to the human experience. Philosophical works, in particular, delve into fundamental questions about existence, morality and the nature of humanity, prompting readers to reflect on their own beliefs and values.

By presenting characters grappling with various challenges, literature enables readers to step into different shoes and empathise with the struggles and triumphs of others. This vicarious experience can foster a deeper understanding of the intricacies of human emotions and relationships.

Philosophy, on the other hand, encourages critical thinking and introspection. It challenges readers to question their assumptions, consider alternative viewpoints and contemplate the ethical implications of their beliefs. This intellectual engagement can lead to a more empathetic comprehension of differing perspectives and a recognition of the shared aspects of the human condition.

Desh Subba’s book recommendations

The Myth of Sisyphus

Author: Albert Camus

Year: 1955 (English translation)

Publisher: Penguin Random House

This impactful work explores culture, morals and the dynamics of power, particularly in the context of scapegoating individuals. It provides good insights that enhance our understanding of these social forces.

Siddhantaka Kura

Author: Sanjeev Upreti

Year: 2011

Publisher: Akshar Creations

The book explores various literary theories, such as marginal, subaltern, literary theory, Marxism and Nepali literary movements. It provides a comprehensive understanding of these subjects through analytical exploration.

Raithane

Author: Rana Kafle

Year: 2022

Publisher: Samakalin Sahitya Pratisthan, UK

‘Raithane’ discusses themes of diasporas, migrants, refugees and foreign workers. The author crafts a narrative that explores the struggles, experiences, feelings and love in connection with one’s homeland.

The Metamorphosis

Author: Franz Kafka

Year: 1915

Publisher: WW Norton & Company

Kafka explores human and family relationships, emphasising their strength and vulnerability in ‘The Metamorphosis’. It portrays the role of money in relationships, suggesting that financial stability contributes to the strength of these connections.

Resistance to Fearlessness

Author: R Michael Fisher, B Maria Kumar

Year: 2021

Publisher: Xlibris

‘Resistance to Fearlessness’ is a collaborative work by fearlessness philosophers R Michael Fisher and B Maria Kumar. The book is a motivational guide that encourages readers to look into the complexities of fear and its domains.